Abstract: The modernization of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature is the organic unity of ecologicalization and modernization, which should have three distinct characteristics: coexistence and co-prosperity of humanity and nature; coordinated development of economic progress and ecological protection; synchronous promotion of material and ecological civilization. Forests and grasslands serve as essential components of nature. As natural environment, with the attribute of "ecological protection", they are the foundation for maintaining a good ecological environment, as well as the groundwork for coexistence and mutual prosperity between humanity and nature; As natural resources, with the attribute of "production and development", they are a green circular economy and an important foundation for coordinated economic development and ecological protection; As the bond between humanity and nature, the beautiful natural landscape of forests and grasslands could enhance people's sense of happiness, and is the main carrier for the synchronous development of material and ecological civilization.In the new era, the modernization construction of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature should be strengthened through the following paths: adhering to the ecological concept of "a good eco-environment is the most inclusive form of public wellbeing", continuously increasing greenery coverage to improve the quality of greening, and meeting the growing needs of the people for a beautiful ecological environment; Adhere to the systematic thinking that "humanity and nature are a community of life", integrated protection and governance, and build a solid ecological foundation consolidation for the harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature; Adhere to the green development concept of "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets", transform ecological wealth into economic wealth, and meet the growing material needs of the people; Adhere to the ecological civilization concept of "harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature", strengthen natural education such as forest and grass protection, and enhance the behavioral awareness of the concept of harmonious coexistence between humanity and nature.