Abstract: Based on review of related references, the basic elements of productive force under primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, and industrial civilization are compared and discussed. It points out that the problems of resources and environment brought by traditional civilization due to its using nonrenewable resources as economic input without control. The key difference of productive forces between ecological civilization and former civilizations is the change of its content. The elements of productive force under ecological civilization are the labor with advanced scientific knowledge and technology, using renewable resources as main economic input, and protecting nonrenewable resources for public interests to gain sustainable development results.