Abstract: Paeonia lactiflora is originated from China and has a long history with high ornamental value. Since ancient times, it has been regarded as the transmitter of love and is worthy of the name of love flower. Beginning with the Book of Songs, this article studies the origin of the peony as love flower in ancient times. Then based on the poetry of Tang and Song dynasties, and the dramas of Yuan and Ming dynasties, it discusses the background and connotations of peony as a symbol of love. The female images of peony in ancient poetry and literature are given thorough analysis and the great value of peony as women's medicine is also introduced. Finally, the article compares peony with other flowers and trees (peony, rose, red bean) which have similar connotations, and expounds the distinctiveness and uniqueness of peony culture. Considering the characteristics of contemporary consumption, it also expounds the significance and feasibility of peony becoming our national love flowerfrom the perspectives of culture and economy.