2017 Vol. 16 No. 4
2017, 16(4): 1-7.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017071
Abstract:
Natural forest is the most important forest resources, and natural forest protection is the key part of sustainable development of forestry in China. As a famous silviculturist and forestry educator, Professor SHEN Guo-fang has been committing to the theory and technology exploration of sustainable development of forestry in all the time, he is an active advocator and facilitator of Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) in China, and has systematically expounded the theories and methods of natural forest management. There are three periods of his understanding on natural forest protection, by which a theoretical system covering five major sectors of guiding ideology, management methods (thinking), related technologies, policies and disciplines is formed. He believes that natural forest has a critical status in the construction of ecological environment in China, and the protection of natural forest is a key part of national ecological civilization construction. The natural forest has different characteristics from planted forest, such as uneven age, complex structure, and adaptation of the environment. Natural forest protection should be guided by the sustainable development of forestry, in which some basic techniques should be learned from forest cultivation and protection, and the multi-disciplinary system is taken as the technical support, so as to not passively protect the natural forest. These views result in the profound and positive influences on the healthy development of natural forest protection in China.
Natural forest is the most important forest resources, and natural forest protection is the key part of sustainable development of forestry in China. As a famous silviculturist and forestry educator, Professor SHEN Guo-fang has been committing to the theory and technology exploration of sustainable development of forestry in all the time, he is an active advocator and facilitator of Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) in China, and has systematically expounded the theories and methods of natural forest management. There are three periods of his understanding on natural forest protection, by which a theoretical system covering five major sectors of guiding ideology, management methods (thinking), related technologies, policies and disciplines is formed. He believes that natural forest has a critical status in the construction of ecological environment in China, and the protection of natural forest is a key part of national ecological civilization construction. The natural forest has different characteristics from planted forest, such as uneven age, complex structure, and adaptation of the environment. Natural forest protection should be guided by the sustainable development of forestry, in which some basic techniques should be learned from forest cultivation and protection, and the multi-disciplinary system is taken as the technical support, so as to not passively protect the natural forest. These views result in the profound and positive influences on the healthy development of natural forest protection in China.
2017, 16(4): 8-13.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017082
Abstract:
In the new era of constructing ecological civilization, cultivating and improving the citizens' ecological literacy is not only the inherent requirement and the fundamental guarantee to carry out the construction of ecological civilization, but also is the need to realize citizens' comprehensive development. For better cultivating the ecological literacy of a citizen, it is necessary to sort out the research progress and development trend of ecological literacy at home and abroad. This paper reviews the research on ecological literacy in terms of concept, assessment and cultivation, and then puts forward the prospect of ecological literacy. Firstly, the evolution process of ecological literacy concept is clarified. Secondly, the methodology of ecological literacy assessment is summarized from the aspects of ecological literacy assessment content, assessment scale and assessment method. After that, the domestic and international cultivation methods of ecological literacy are sorted out. Finally, the research contents of ecological literacy at home and abroad are compared and reviewed, and the direction and trend of further research are prospected.
In the new era of constructing ecological civilization, cultivating and improving the citizens' ecological literacy is not only the inherent requirement and the fundamental guarantee to carry out the construction of ecological civilization, but also is the need to realize citizens' comprehensive development. For better cultivating the ecological literacy of a citizen, it is necessary to sort out the research progress and development trend of ecological literacy at home and abroad. This paper reviews the research on ecological literacy in terms of concept, assessment and cultivation, and then puts forward the prospect of ecological literacy. Firstly, the evolution process of ecological literacy concept is clarified. Secondly, the methodology of ecological literacy assessment is summarized from the aspects of ecological literacy assessment content, assessment scale and assessment method. After that, the domestic and international cultivation methods of ecological literacy are sorted out. Finally, the research contents of ecological literacy at home and abroad are compared and reviewed, and the direction and trend of further research are prospected.
2017, 16(4): 14-20.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017062
Abstract:
While establishing the theory of affordance, Gibson, an ecological psychologist put forward the affordance mechanism that refers to animals often exchange information with air as the intermediary, guide their behaviors by surface morphology and specific spacial layouts, and perceive the affordance through the fit between environment measurement dimension and action measurement. Here based on the mechanisms, we proposed environment design, i. e., building artificial environment atmosphere with the embodiment perception of the medium, leading direct use behavior through surface and its morphology, realizing different spacial-function via specific layout configuration, and taking the scale comparability mechanism as the benchmark in spatial scale design. We also probed the practical applications in environment design by following the design approach of the affordance mechanism, including the construction of indoor and outdoor environment atmosphere, the surface design for the children playgrounds encouraging their exploration behaviors, the environment space and place design for the different layouts, and the city scale design fitting for multiple habitats.
While establishing the theory of affordance, Gibson, an ecological psychologist put forward the affordance mechanism that refers to animals often exchange information with air as the intermediary, guide their behaviors by surface morphology and specific spacial layouts, and perceive the affordance through the fit between environment measurement dimension and action measurement. Here based on the mechanisms, we proposed environment design, i. e., building artificial environment atmosphere with the embodiment perception of the medium, leading direct use behavior through surface and its morphology, realizing different spacial-function via specific layout configuration, and taking the scale comparability mechanism as the benchmark in spatial scale design. We also probed the practical applications in environment design by following the design approach of the affordance mechanism, including the construction of indoor and outdoor environment atmosphere, the surface design for the children playgrounds encouraging their exploration behaviors, the environment space and place design for the different layouts, and the city scale design fitting for multiple habitats.
2017, 16(4): 21-26.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017055
Abstract:
Adaptive co-management refers to a scientific decision-making method and management process with participation of multi-disciplinary talents and multi-stakeholder. With timely monitoring and adjustment, it is dynamic and constantly optimized. It can deal with uncertainty of natural factors and human activities, minimize risks, and thus achieve the best protection and utilization of resources. It has been widely applied for protected areas in abroad. By sorting the concepts and development process of adaptive co-management, analyzing and summarizing its adaptive condition, application practice and major steps, as well as considering the status and issues in the management of protected areas in China, we explored the adaptive co-management mode of national parks based on the eco-system management, which aims at providing scientific basis and reference for China's national park management that meets multiple-management goal.
Adaptive co-management refers to a scientific decision-making method and management process with participation of multi-disciplinary talents and multi-stakeholder. With timely monitoring and adjustment, it is dynamic and constantly optimized. It can deal with uncertainty of natural factors and human activities, minimize risks, and thus achieve the best protection and utilization of resources. It has been widely applied for protected areas in abroad. By sorting the concepts and development process of adaptive co-management, analyzing and summarizing its adaptive condition, application practice and major steps, as well as considering the status and issues in the management of protected areas in China, we explored the adaptive co-management mode of national parks based on the eco-system management, which aims at providing scientific basis and reference for China's national park management that meets multiple-management goal.
2017, 16(4): 34-38.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2016088
Abstract:
Discussing the ways to eliminate the garbage amount and to avoid a city surrounded by garbage derives the topic of recycling design. Bauhaus design philosophy is illustrated firstly to denote the importance of the connection between designs and social demands and the integration of the concerned majors in order to better resolve the practical problems instead of isolating the majors, referring to the landscape design, industrial design, and graphic design as better examples. We raise the issue of using small name card creative way or big landmark way to enhance the city image by the comparison of passionate Rubber Dark Micro-constructure and unfeeling Submarine Architecture. Further, we confirm the importance of city name card, namely recreational facilities from the perspective of city leisure quality, and propose the plan of how to combine the recreational gardens and recreational facilities. Finally, we deduce and induce the 4R design principle according to the green philosophy in garden design. Once again we emphasize the dual significances of recreational facilities, i. e., green environmentalist and human-oriented ideology.
Discussing the ways to eliminate the garbage amount and to avoid a city surrounded by garbage derives the topic of recycling design. Bauhaus design philosophy is illustrated firstly to denote the importance of the connection between designs and social demands and the integration of the concerned majors in order to better resolve the practical problems instead of isolating the majors, referring to the landscape design, industrial design, and graphic design as better examples. We raise the issue of using small name card creative way or big landmark way to enhance the city image by the comparison of passionate Rubber Dark Micro-constructure and unfeeling Submarine Architecture. Further, we confirm the importance of city name card, namely recreational facilities from the perspective of city leisure quality, and propose the plan of how to combine the recreational gardens and recreational facilities. Finally, we deduce and induce the 4R design principle according to the green philosophy in garden design. Once again we emphasize the dual significances of recreational facilities, i. e., green environmentalist and human-oriented ideology.
2017, 16(4): 39-43.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017046
Abstract:
The literature record shows that JI Cheng had interacted with RUAN Da-cheng for a period, and expanded a garden for RUAN. But the name, the position, the designer, the building time, and the expanding time of the garden have been inconsistent by different scholars because of lack of the literature. Here authors carried out literature searching and relevant studies, and the results show that RUAN Da-cheng built Ji Garden, Baizi Mountain Villa, Shichao Garden, and Chu Garden in Huai ning of his hometown. The location of Chu Garden was in the municipal area of Huai ning, and the owner of Chu Garden was RUAN Da-cheng's father. The designer of early repairing Chu Garden was ZHANG Ming-yu from Nanjing, and the time was before the 1st year of Chongzhen period (BC 1628). Yonghuai Hall was the main building in Chu Garden. Conclusively, the expanding designer was JI Cheng, and the expanding time of Chu Garden was the 6th year of Chongzhen period (BC 1633).
The literature record shows that JI Cheng had interacted with RUAN Da-cheng for a period, and expanded a garden for RUAN. But the name, the position, the designer, the building time, and the expanding time of the garden have been inconsistent by different scholars because of lack of the literature. Here authors carried out literature searching and relevant studies, and the results show that RUAN Da-cheng built Ji Garden, Baizi Mountain Villa, Shichao Garden, and Chu Garden in Huai ning of his hometown. The location of Chu Garden was in the municipal area of Huai ning, and the owner of Chu Garden was RUAN Da-cheng's father. The designer of early repairing Chu Garden was ZHANG Ming-yu from Nanjing, and the time was before the 1st year of Chongzhen period (BC 1628). Yonghuai Hall was the main building in Chu Garden. Conclusively, the expanding designer was JI Cheng, and the expanding time of Chu Garden was the 6th year of Chongzhen period (BC 1633).
2017, 16(4): 44-51.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017060
Abstract:
By surveying Beijing Yanqing City and Yanqing Songshan Forest Park through field experiments, we assessed the effects of the forest landscapes on the human blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), mood states, environmental recovery and environmental perception. As results, the forest environment restoration was significantly higher than that in urban environment. The forest environment significantly reduced the participants' negative emotions, increased their positive emotions, and this effect is not limited by the type of activity. The forest environment improved the overall regulation ability of human's autonomic nervous system, increased the parasympathetic regulation of the heart, and improved blood pressure, making blood pressure close to be ideal. The different activities in forest environment have different impact on blood pressure and heart rate. In the future study, the social factors that affect the physical and mental health of the human into forest environment should be investigated, the effects of different forest types on the human health should be explored, and the brain neural action mechanism on the positive effect of the nature on human health should be probed while combined with the brain imaging technology.
By surveying Beijing Yanqing City and Yanqing Songshan Forest Park through field experiments, we assessed the effects of the forest landscapes on the human blood pressure, heart rate variability (HRV), mood states, environmental recovery and environmental perception. As results, the forest environment restoration was significantly higher than that in urban environment. The forest environment significantly reduced the participants' negative emotions, increased their positive emotions, and this effect is not limited by the type of activity. The forest environment improved the overall regulation ability of human's autonomic nervous system, increased the parasympathetic regulation of the heart, and improved blood pressure, making blood pressure close to be ideal. The different activities in forest environment have different impact on blood pressure and heart rate. In the future study, the social factors that affect the physical and mental health of the human into forest environment should be investigated, the effects of different forest types on the human health should be explored, and the brain neural action mechanism on the positive effect of the nature on human health should be probed while combined with the brain imaging technology.
2017, 16(4): 52-60.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017051
Abstract:
Based on the data of FAO Yearbook of Forest Products since 1970, this paper analyzes the characteristics and development trend of wooden products in the world. With closely relating to the development of the world economy, the trade of wooden products in the world has been rising in the fluctuation. Europe is in the leading position in the world's wooden forest product trade, and Asia will become the world's demand center of wooden forest product. The product trade of wooden forest is mainly concentrated in the developed countries, and the developing countries are growingly important in the world's wooden forest product trade. Various types of wooden forest product grow in different rate, the proportion of primary products is continuiously reducing, and the proportion of deep processed products is constantly increasing. The proportion of log trade in log production and in consumption is not high, the impact of environmental protection on the world's wooden forest product trade is becoming increasingly profound and extensive, and thus the products from plantation forest have gradually become the major part of world's wooden forest product trade. Under such situation, China should appropriately control the trade growth rate and scale of wooden forest products, change the export-oriented processing trade pattern of "both sides abroad and large-volume import and export", restrict the massive and rapid imports of raw material products, focus on improving the quality and the grade of export products, increase the added value, vigorously develop plantation forest for improving the domestic timber supply, and transform from profit-seeking trade into supplememtary trade while rationally utilizing the foreign timber only to meet the actual domestic timber demand.
Based on the data of FAO Yearbook of Forest Products since 1970, this paper analyzes the characteristics and development trend of wooden products in the world. With closely relating to the development of the world economy, the trade of wooden products in the world has been rising in the fluctuation. Europe is in the leading position in the world's wooden forest product trade, and Asia will become the world's demand center of wooden forest product. The product trade of wooden forest is mainly concentrated in the developed countries, and the developing countries are growingly important in the world's wooden forest product trade. Various types of wooden forest product grow in different rate, the proportion of primary products is continuiously reducing, and the proportion of deep processed products is constantly increasing. The proportion of log trade in log production and in consumption is not high, the impact of environmental protection on the world's wooden forest product trade is becoming increasingly profound and extensive, and thus the products from plantation forest have gradually become the major part of world's wooden forest product trade. Under such situation, China should appropriately control the trade growth rate and scale of wooden forest products, change the export-oriented processing trade pattern of "both sides abroad and large-volume import and export", restrict the massive and rapid imports of raw material products, focus on improving the quality and the grade of export products, increase the added value, vigorously develop plantation forest for improving the domestic timber supply, and transform from profit-seeking trade into supplememtary trade while rationally utilizing the foreign timber only to meet the actual domestic timber demand.
2017, 16(4): 61-68.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017032
Abstract:
Based on the data of wood-processing industry in China Industry Enterprise Database from 1999 to 2009, this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatial agglomeration level and evolution trend of China's wood-processing industry. The study found that the spatial agglomeration level of China's wood-processing industry, generally speaking, increased rapidly from 1999 to 2004, and remained stable after 2004. Growingly 4-digit enterprises in wood-processing industry became a highly agglomerated industry, and the number of not-agglomerated and sub-divided industry is decreasing. From 1999 to 2009, the agglomeration area of China's wood-processing industry enterprises transferred from Northeast China to the eastern coastal area. The growth rate of China's wood-processing industry agglomeration level has exceeded the overall average manufacturing level. Finally, the paper put forward some suggestions on how to promote the development of China's wood-processing industry.
Based on the data of wood-processing industry in China Industry Enterprise Database from 1999 to 2009, this paper quantitatively analyzed the spatial agglomeration level and evolution trend of China's wood-processing industry. The study found that the spatial agglomeration level of China's wood-processing industry, generally speaking, increased rapidly from 1999 to 2004, and remained stable after 2004. Growingly 4-digit enterprises in wood-processing industry became a highly agglomerated industry, and the number of not-agglomerated and sub-divided industry is decreasing. From 1999 to 2009, the agglomeration area of China's wood-processing industry enterprises transferred from Northeast China to the eastern coastal area. The growth rate of China's wood-processing industry agglomeration level has exceeded the overall average manufacturing level. Finally, the paper put forward some suggestions on how to promote the development of China's wood-processing industry.
2017, 16(4): 69-78.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017068
Abstract:
The Northwest China is rich in resources, and its location is prominent and it has huge development potential, thus its development is of significance to the national economy. Taking the five provinces of the Northwest China as an example, the influence of the industrial structure evolution on the economic development of the Northwest China was explored by using the industrial structure deviation, the industrial structure contribution equation, and the deviation-share analysis method. The results show that the contribution of the primary industry to the economic growth in the Northwest China is the lowest, and there is pressure of transferring the surplus labor. The growth rate of the secondary industry gradually declines and falls below the national average level. The tertiary industry is the key industry and owns the potential of rapid growth, thus it causes positive promoting effects on the evolution of regional industrial structure. It is suggested that the Northwest China needs to 1) adjust the resource supply structure of the primary industry and implement the more active employment policy, 2) to encourage the industrial enterprises use clean energy, carry out the deepening of resources and realize the green cycle development, and 3) to increase the targeted financial support for the Northwest China, strengthen the infrastructure construction, and cultivate the local advantage industry.
The Northwest China is rich in resources, and its location is prominent and it has huge development potential, thus its development is of significance to the national economy. Taking the five provinces of the Northwest China as an example, the influence of the industrial structure evolution on the economic development of the Northwest China was explored by using the industrial structure deviation, the industrial structure contribution equation, and the deviation-share analysis method. The results show that the contribution of the primary industry to the economic growth in the Northwest China is the lowest, and there is pressure of transferring the surplus labor. The growth rate of the secondary industry gradually declines and falls below the national average level. The tertiary industry is the key industry and owns the potential of rapid growth, thus it causes positive promoting effects on the evolution of regional industrial structure. It is suggested that the Northwest China needs to 1) adjust the resource supply structure of the primary industry and implement the more active employment policy, 2) to encourage the industrial enterprises use clean energy, carry out the deepening of resources and realize the green cycle development, and 3) to increase the targeted financial support for the Northwest China, strengthen the infrastructure construction, and cultivate the local advantage industry.
2017, 16(4): 79-82.
doi: 10.13931/j.cnki.bjfuss.2017102
Abstract:
The English-Chinese parallel corpuses for special purposes are currently tendency in the construction of English-Chinese parallel corpuses, and it is still in its infancy. This study analyzes the background and significance of constructing a parallel corpus of English-Chinese terms in agriculture and forestry, and discusses the construction plan, data collection, terms' marking and searching in the corpus. It is expected that the corpus may provide assistances for practitioners, translators, and researchers in agriculture and forestry, meanwhile, may improve the quality of a MTI course English-Chinese Translation in Agriculture and Forestry as well as the translation competence of MTI students, and may offer a reference for further constructing larger English-Chinese parallel corpus in agriculture and forestry.
The English-Chinese parallel corpuses for special purposes are currently tendency in the construction of English-Chinese parallel corpuses, and it is still in its infancy. This study analyzes the background and significance of constructing a parallel corpus of English-Chinese terms in agriculture and forestry, and discusses the construction plan, data collection, terms' marking and searching in the corpus. It is expected that the corpus may provide assistances for practitioners, translators, and researchers in agriculture and forestry, meanwhile, may improve the quality of a MTI course English-Chinese Translation in Agriculture and Forestry as well as the translation competence of MTI students, and may offer a reference for further constructing larger English-Chinese parallel corpus in agriculture and forestry.